除了身份验证,Spring Security还检查登录用户的授权。登录后,将根据用户的ROLE完成授权用户访问资源的操作。
在WebSecurityConfig类中创建用户时,我们也可以指定用户的ROLE。
应用于方法的安全性仅限于未经授权的用户,并且仅允许真实用户。
让我们看一个示例。首先,通过提供详细信息创建一个Maven项目。
该项目最初看起来像这样:
现在,配置应用程序以防止未经授权和未经身份验证的用户。它需要下面给出的四个Java文件,创建一个包com.nhooo并将其放在其中。
//AppConfig.java
此类用于在视图解析器的帮助下设置视图后缀和前缀。
package com.nhooo; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView; @EnableWebMvc @Configuration @ComponentScan({ "com.nhooo.controller.*" }) public class AppConfig { @Bean public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() { InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver(); viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class); viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/"); viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); return viewResolver; } }
//MvcWebApplicationInitializer.java.java
package com.nhooo; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer; public class MvcWebApplicationInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[] { WebSecurityConfig.class }; } @Override protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { // TOdo Auto-generated method stub return null; } @Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[] { "/" }; } }
//SecurityWebApplicationInitializer.java
package com.nhooo; import org.springframework.security.web.context.*; public class SecurityWebApplicationInitializer extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer { }
//WebSecurityConfig.java
此类用于创建用户并设置其身份验证。每当用户要访问该应用程序时,都需要登录。
package com.nhooo; import org.springframework.context.annotation.*; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.*; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.*; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User.UserBuilder; import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager; import org.springframework.security.web.util.matcher.AntPathRequestMatcher; @EnableWebSecurity @ComponentScan("com.nhooo") @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled=true) public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Bean public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() { // ensure the passwords are encoded properly UserBuilder users = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder(); InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(); manager.createUser(users.username("irfan").password("user123").roles("USER").build()); manager.createUser(users.username("admin").password("admin123").roles("ADMIN").build()); return manager; } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests(). antMatchers("/index","/").permitAll() .antMatchers("/admin","/user").authenticated() .and() .formLogin() .and() .logout() .logoutRequestMatcher(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/logout")); } }
创建控制器HomeController并放入 com.nhooo.controller 包中。
//HomeController.java
package com.nhooo.controller; import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; @Controller public class HomeController { @RequestMapping(value="/", method=RequestMethod.GET) public String index() { return "index"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user", method=RequestMethod.GET) public String user() { return "admin"; } @RequestMapping(value="/admin", method=RequestMethod.GET) public String admin() { return "admin"; } // Only, a person having ADMIN role can access this method. @RequestMapping(value="/update", method=RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')") public String update() { return "record updated "; } }
创建以下视图(JSP页面)以为用户生成输出。将所有视图放入 WEB-INF/views 文件夹。
//index.jsp
<html> <head> <title>Home Page</title> </head> <body> Welcome to Nhooo! <br> <br> Login as: <a href="admin">Admin</a> <a href="user">User</a> </body> </html>
//admin.jsp
<html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Home Page</title> </head> <body> <span style="color: green">Login Successful!</span> ? <a href="logout" style="text-decoration: none;">logout</a> <br> <br> <a href="update" style="text-decoration: none;">Update Record</a> </body> </html>
以下是创建此项目所需的依赖项。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.nhooo</groupId> <artifactId>springmethod</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <properties> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId> <version>5.0.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId> <version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.security/spring-security-config --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId> <version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans --> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-framework-bom --> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> <configuration> <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
添加上述所有文件后,我们的项目如下所示:
输出:
首次以ADMIN身份登录
登录后,
点击 更新记录,然后查看记录是否已更新,因为用户的角色是ADMIN。
现在,以用户身份登录。
现在,单击 更新记录,由于用户角色为USER,因此服务器拒绝访问。