Python实战系列用于记录实战项目中的思路，代码实现，出现的问题与解决方案以及可行的改进方向
本文为第2篇–200行Python代码实现2048
一、分析与函数设计
1.1 游戏玩法
2048这款游戏的玩法很简单，每次可以选择上下左右滑动，每滑动一次，所有的数字方块都会往滑动的方向靠拢，系统也会在空白的地方乱数出现一个数字方块，相同数字的方块在靠拢、相撞时会相加。（介绍来自百度百科）
1.2 函数设计
二、代码实现
注：IDE为Spyder，Python版本为3.6
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Sat Sep 29 16:29:04 2018
@author: PastoralDog
"""
import random
class game2048(object):
def __init__(self):
self.score=0
self.number=[[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0]]
self.move=0
seed=random.randint(0,15)
line=int(seed/4)
row=seed%4
self.number[line][row]=2
def is_gameover(self):
numbersum=0
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
if (self.number[i][j]!=0):
numbersum+=1
if(numbersum!=16): return False
for i in range(4):
for j in range(3):
if(self.number[i][j+1]==self.number[i][j]): return False
for i in range(3):
for j in range(4):
if(self.number[i+1][j]==self.number[i][j]): return False
print("游戏结束")
print("您的得分为："+str(self.score))
self.__init__()
return True
def rannumber(self):
rannumber=random.randint(1,10)
if(rannumber<=8): rannumber=2
else: rannumber=4
done=0
count=0
for i in range(4):
for j in range(4):
if(self.number[i][j]==0):
count+=1
while(done==0 and count!=0):
ranplace=random.randint(0,15)
line=int(ranplace/4)
row=ranplace%4
if(self.number[line][row]==0):
done=1
self.number[line][row]=rannumber
def show(self):
print(self.number[0])
print(self.number[1])
print(self.number[2])
print(self.number[3])
def print_score(self):
print("得分："+str(self.score))
def upmove(self):
for i in range(1,4):
for j in range(4):
temp=i
while(temp>=1 and self.number[temp-1][j]==0):
box=self.number[temp-1][j]
self.number[temp-1][j]=self.number[temp][j]
self.number[temp][j]=box
if(self.number[temp][j]!=0):self.move=1
temp-=1
def up(self):
self.upmove()
for i in range(1,4):
for j in range(4):
if(self.number[i-1][j]==self.number[i][j]):
if(self.number[i-1][j]!=2048):
self.score+=self.number[i][j]
self.number[i][j]=0
self.number[i-1][j]=2*self.number[i-1][j]
self.upmove()
if(self.move!=0):self.rannumber()
self.move=0
self.show()
self.is_gameover()
self.print_score()
def downmove(self):
for i in range(2,-1,-1):
for j in range(4):
temp=i
while(temp<=2 and self.number[temp+1][j]==0 ):
box=self.number[temp+1][j]
self.number[temp+1][j]=self.number[temp][j]
self.number[temp][j]=box
if(self.number[temp+1][j]!=0):self.move=1
temp+=1
def down(self):
self.downmove()
for i in range(2,-1,-1):
for j in range(4):
if(self.number[i+1][j]==self.number[i][j]):
if(self.number[i+1][j]!=2048):
self.score+=self.number[i][j]
self.number[i][j]=0
self.number[i+1][j]=2*self.number[i+1][j]
self.downmove()
if(self.move!=0):self.rannumber()
self.move=0
self.show()
self.is_gameover()
self.print_score()
def leftmove(self):
for i in range(4):
for j in range(1,4):
temp=j
while(temp>=1 and self.number[i][temp-1]==0 ):
box=self.number[i][temp-1]
self.number[i][temp-1]=self.number[i][temp]
self.number[i][temp]=box
if(self.number[i][temp-1]!=0):self.move=1
temp-=1
def left(self):
self.leftmove()
for i in range(4):
for j in range(0,3):
if(self.number[i][j+1]==self.number[i][j]):
if(self.number[i][j+1]!=2048):
self.score+=self.number[i][j]
self.number[i][j+1]=0
self.number[i][j]=2*self.number[i][j]
self.leftmove()
if(self.move!=0):self.rannumber()
self.move=0
self.show()
self.is_gameover()
self.print_score()
def rightmove(self):
for i in range(4):
for j in range(2,-1,-1):
temp=j
while(temp<=2 and self.number[i][temp+1]==0 ):
box=self.number[i][temp+1]
self.number[i][temp+1]=self.number[i][temp]
self.number[i][temp]=box
self.move=1
temp+=1
def right(self):
self.rightmove()
for i in range(4):
for j in range(2,-1,-1):
if(self.number[i][j+1]==self.number[i][j]):
if(self.number[i][j+1]!=2048):
self.score+=self.number[i][j]
self.number[i][j]=0
self.number[i][j+1]=2*self.number[i][j+1]
self.rightmove()
if(self.move!=0):self.rannumber()
self.move=0
self.show()
self.is_gameover()
self.print_score()
def nextstep(self,step):
if(step=='w'): self.up()
elif(step=='s'): self.down()
elif(step=='a'): self.left()
elif(step=='d'): self.right()
else: pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
game=game2048()
game.show()
while(True):
step=input()
if(step=='b'):break
game.nextstep(step)
三、问题与解决方案
1.地图的储存与表示：目前没有界面设计，因此就用二维数组直接储存与表示
2.数组越界：调试代码中遇到过五六次，除了牢记要边缘检测外， and 语句左右条件顺序也要有讲究。
例：while(temp<=2 and self.number[temp+1][j]==0 ) 注：self.number为4*4的二维数组
当temp=3时，语句在temp<=2 被阻塞，不会执行self.number[temp+1][j]==0，此时没有问题;
若语句改为while(self.number[temp+1][j]==0 and temp<=2), 先执行self.number[temp+1][j]==0，此时编译器报错数组越界
四、可行的改进方向
1.添加可视化界面，可考虑Tkinter，QT等
2.拓展游戏地图大小为N x N
本人水平有限，欢迎大家提出问题与建议。
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