利用Java的Struts框架实现电子邮件发送功能

本章将教你如何使用Struts2 的应用程序发送电子邮件。对于此练习中,需要下载并安装将mail.jar 从 JavaMail API1.4.4,并将 mail.jar文件放置在WEB-INFlib文件夹,然后继续遵循的标准步骤创建动作,视图和配置文件。

创建动作:
下一步是创建一个Action方法,发送电子邮件。让我们创建一个新类称为 Emailer.java 以下内容。

package com.yiibai.struts2;

import java.util.Properties;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class Emailer extends ActionSupport {

  private String from;
  private String password;
  private String to;
  private String subject;
  private String body;

  static Properties properties = new Properties();
  static
  {
   properties.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");
   properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");
   properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class",
           "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
   properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
   properties.put("mail.smtp.port", "465");
  }

  public String execute() 
  {
   String ret = SUCCESS;
   try
   {
     Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, 
      new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
      protected PasswordAuthentication 
      getPasswordAuthentication() {
      return new 
      PasswordAuthentication(from, password);
      }});

     Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
     message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
     message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, 
      InternetAddress.parse(to));
     message.setSubject(subject);
     message.setText(body);
     Transport.send(message);
   }
   catch(Exception e)
   {
     ret = ERROR;
     e.printStackTrace();
   }
   return ret;
  }

  public String getFrom() {
   return from;
  }

  public void setFrom(String from) {
   this.from = from;
  }

  public String getPassword() {
   return password;
  }

  public void setPassword(String password) {
   this.password = password;
  }

  public String getTo() {
   return to;
  }

  public void setTo(String to) {
   this.to = to;
  }

  public String getSubject() {
   return subject;
  }

  public void setSubject(String subject) {
   this.subject = subject;
  }

  public String getBody() {
   return body;
  }

  public void setBody(String body) {
   this.body = body;
  }

  public static Properties getProperties() {
   return properties;
  }

  public static void setProperties(Properties properties) {
   Emailer.properties = properties;
  }
}

可以看到在上面的源代码中,Emailer.java有对应的形式在下面给出的email.jsp页的属性的属性。这些属性

  • from - 发件人的电子邮件地址。由于我们使用的是谷歌的SMTP,我们需要一个有效的gtalk ID
  • password - 上述帐户的密码
  • to - 给谁发送电子邮件?
  • Subject - 电子邮件主题
  • body - 实际的电子邮件消息

我们有没有考虑过上述各个属性的任何验证,验证将被添加在下一章。现在让我们看看在execute()方法。 execute()方法使用使用javax邮件库发送一封电子邮件,使用提供的参数。如果邮件被发送,动作返回 SUCCESS,否则它返回ERROR。

创建主页页:
让我们编写主页index.jsp的JSP文件,这将被用来收集电子邮件的相关信息,上面提到的:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
  pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Form</title>
</head>
<body>
  <em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server. 
  So you need to enter a gmail username and password
  </em>
  <form action="emailer" method="post">
  <label for="from">From</label><br/>
  <input type="text" name="from"/><br/>
  <label for="password">Password</label><br/>
  <input type="password" name="password"/><br/>
  <label for="to">To</label><br/>
  <input type="text" name="to"/><br/>
  <label for="subject">Subject</label><br/>
  <input type="text" name="subject"/><br/>
  <label for="body">Body</label><br/>
  <input type="text" name="body"/><br/>
  <input type="submit" value="Send Email"/>
  </form>
</body>
</html>

创建视图:
我们将使用JSP文件的success.jsp将被调用的情况下行动返回SUCCESS,但在发生ERROR 的情况下,我们将有另一种视图认为文件是从操作返回。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
 pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Success</title>
</head>
<body>
  Your email to <s:property value="to"/> was sent successfully.
</body>
</html>

下面将是在一个错误的情况下,从动作返回视图文件error.jsp。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
 pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Error</title>
</head>
<body>
  There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value="to"/>.
</body>
</html>

配置文件:
现在,让我们将这一切组合起来使用struts.xml的配置文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
  "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
  "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

  <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
  <package name="helloworld" extends="struts-default">

   <action name="emailer" 
     class="com.yiibai.struts2.Emailer"
     method="execute">
     <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
     <result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
   </action>

  </package>

</struts>

以下是web.xml文件中的内容:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
  xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
  http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
  id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  
  <display-name>Struts 2</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
   <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

  <filter>
   <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
   <filter-class>
     org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
   </filter-class>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

现在,右键点击项目名称,并单击 Export > WAR File创建一个WAR文件。然后部署此WAR在Tomcat的webapps目录下。最后,启动Tomcat服务器和尝试访问URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp。这会给出以下画面:

输入所需信息,并单击“Send Email ”按钮。如果一切顺利,那么应该看到以下页面:


如果是SSH三个框架配合起来使用,这里再给个例子,不过struts和spring的框架外,也需要mail.jar,activation.jar.

1) 首先在applicationContext.xml文件中配置bean

<bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
    <property name="host" value="host"/>
    <property name="username" value="username"/>
    <property name="password" value="password"/>
  </bean>

<bean id="sendMailAction" class="cn.com.action.SendMailAction" singleton="false">
   <property name="mailSender"><ref bean="mailSender"/> </property>
</bean>

2)实现发送邮件java类代码

protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;


public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{
public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) {
  this.mailSender = mailSender;
}


public void sendMail() throws Exception {

1:简单邮件

protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;


public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{
public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) {
  this.mailSender = mailSender;
}


public void sendMail() throws Exception {

2:HTML邮件的发送

//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别 
   MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage(); 
   MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage); 
         
  //设置收件人,寄件人 
   messageHelper.setTo("sun111@163.com"); 
   messageHelper.setFrom("webadmin@163.com"); 
   messageHelper.setSubject("测试HTML邮件!"); 
  //true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件 
   messageHelper.setText("<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1></body></html>",true); 
   
  //发送邮件 
   senderImpl.send(mailMessage); 

3:本类测试邮件中嵌套图片

//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别 
   MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage(); 
  //注意这里的boolean,等于真的时候才能嵌套图片,在构建MimeMessageHelper时候,所给定的值是true表示启用,     
multipart模式 
   MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage,true); 
   
  //设置收件人,寄件人 
   messageHelper.setTo("sun111@163.com"); 
   messageHelper.setFrom("webadmin@163.com"); 
   messageHelper.setSubject("测试邮件中嵌套图片!!"); 
  //true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件 
   messageHelper.setText("<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1>" + 
    "<img src="/" mce_src="/""cid:aaa/"/></body></html>",true); 
      
   FileSystemResource img = new FileSystemResource(new File("c:/aaa.jpg")); 
   
   messageHelper.addInline("aaa",img); 
   
  //发送邮件 
   senderImpl.send(mailMessage); 

}
}

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