iOS开发中实现一个简单的图片浏览器的实例讲解

一、程序实现要求

1.要求

2. 界面分析

(1) 需要读取或修改属性的控件需要设置属性

  • 序号标签
  • 图片
  • 图片描述
  • 左边按钮
  • 右边按钮

(2) 需要监听响应事件的对象,需要添加监听方法

  • 左边按钮
  • 右边按钮

二、实现基本功能的程序


//

//  YYViewController.m

//  03-图片浏览器初步

//

//  Created by apple on 14-5-21.

//  Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.

//

#import "YYViewController.h"

#define POTOIMGW    200 #define POTOIMGH    300 #define POTOIMGX    60 #define  POTOIMGY    50

@interface YYViewController ()

//变量声明! @property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *firstlab; @property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *lastlab; @property(nonatomic,strong)UIImageView *icon; @property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *leftbtn; @property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *rightbtn;

-(void)change; @property(nonatomic ,assign)int i; @end

@implementation YYViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {     [super viewDidLoad];     self.i=0;     //创建一个用来显示序号的lable控件     UILabel *headlab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 10, 300, 30)];       // [headlab setText:@"1/5"];     [headlab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];     [headlab setTextColor:[UIColor blackColor]];         [self.view addSubview:headlab];     self.firstlab=headlab;                 //创建一个装载图片的控件     UIImageView *potoimg=[[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(POTOIMGX, POTOIMGY, POTOIMGW, POTOIMGH)];         UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"biaoqingdi"];     potoimg.image=image;         [self.view addSubview:potoimg];     self.icon=potoimg;                 //创建最下边的描述图片的lable控件     UILabel *desclab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 400, 300, 30)];    // [desclab setText:@"表情弱爆了!"];     [desclab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];     [self.view addSubview:desclab];     self.lastlab=desclab;             //创建两个方向键按钮     //设置为自定义类型     //1.使用类创建对象     UIButton *leftbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];         //2.设置对象的属性(不要忘记设置坐标)     leftbtn.frame=CGRectMake(0, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);     [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];     [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];         //3.提交对象到视图     [self.view addSubview:leftbtn];         self.leftbtn=leftbtn;     [leftbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(leftclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];             UIButton *rightbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];         rightbtn.frame=CGRectMake(POTOIMGX+POTOIMGW+10, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);     [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];     [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];         [self.view addSubview:rightbtn];         self.rightbtn=rightbtn;     [rightbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(rightclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];         //这是一个初始化方法,调用change可以完成初始化的工作     [self change]; }

-(void)change {     [self.firstlab setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d/5",self.i+1]];     switch (self.i) {         case 0:             self.lastlab.text=@"什么表情都弱爆了!";             self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"biaoqingdi"];             break;         case 1:             self.lastlab.text=@"病例";             self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"bingli"];             break;         case 2:            self.lastlab.text=@"王八";             self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"wangba"];             break;         case 3:            self.lastlab.text=@"吃牛扒";             self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"chiniupa"];             break;         case 4:              self.lastlab.text=@"蛋疼!";             self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"danteng"];             break;     }     //控制按钮的点击,如果为5则右键失效,如果为1,则左键失效     self.leftbtn.enabled=(self.i!=0);     self.rightbtn.enabled=(self.i!=4);

}

//向右按键 -(void)rightclick:(UIButton *)btn {     self.i++;     [self change];     //NSLog(@"点我了"); } -(void)leftclick:(UIButton *)btn {     self.i--;     [self change]; } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {     [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];     // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. }

@end


三、程序优化

//

//  YYViewController.m

//  03-图片浏览器初步

//

//  Created by apple on 14-5-21.

//  Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.

//

#import "YYViewController.h"

#define POTOIMGW    200 #define POTOIMGH    300 #define POTOIMGX    60 #define  POTOIMGY    50

@interface YYViewController ()

//变量声明! @property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *firstlab; @property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *lastlab; @property(nonatomic,strong)UIImageView *icon; @property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *leftbtn; @property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *rightbtn;

@property(nonatomic,strong)NSArray *array;

-(void)change; @property(nonatomic ,assign)int i; @end



@implementation YYViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {     [super viewDidLoad];     self.i=0;     //创建一个用来显示序号的lable控件     UILabel *headlab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 10, 300, 30)];       // [headlab setText:@"1/5"];     [headlab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];     [headlab setTextColor:[UIColor blackColor]];         [self.view addSubview:headlab];     self.firstlab=headlab;                 //创建一个装载图片的控件     UIImageView *potoimg=[[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(POTOIMGX, POTOIMGY, POTOIMGW, POTOIMGH)];         UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"biaoqingdi"];     potoimg.image=image;         [self.view addSubview:potoimg];     self.icon=potoimg;                 //创建最下边的描述图片的lable控件     UILabel *desclab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 400, 300, 30)];    // [desclab setText:@"表情弱爆了!"];     [desclab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];     [self.view addSubview:desclab];     self.lastlab=desclab;                 //创建两个方向键按钮     //设置为自定义类型     //1.使用类创建对象     UIButton *leftbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];         //2.设置对象的属性(不要忘记设置坐标)     leftbtn.frame=CGRectMake(0, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);     [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];     [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];         //3.提交对象到视图     [self.view addSubview:leftbtn];         self.leftbtn=leftbtn;     [leftbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(leftclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];             UIButton *rightbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];         rightbtn.frame=CGRectMake(POTOIMGX+POTOIMGW+10, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);     [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];     [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];         [self.view addSubview:rightbtn];         self.rightbtn=rightbtn;     [rightbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(rightclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];     //放在这里的话,只会创建一次,但是这个部分和[self change];部分有很严格的顺序要求,并不人性化,可以考虑使用懒加载特性 //    NSDictionary *dict1=@{@"name": @"biaoqingdi",@"desc":@"什么表情都弱爆了!"}; //    NSDictionary *dict2=@{@"name": @"bingli",@"desc":@"病例"}; //    NSDictionary *dict3=@{@"name": @"wangba",@"desc":@"乌龟"}; //    NSDictionary *dict4=@{@"name": @"chiniupa",@"desc":@"吃牛扒"}; //    NSDictionary *dict5=@{@"name": @"danteng",@"desc":@"蛋疼"}; //    //    self.array=@[dict1,dict2,dict3,dict4,dict5];     //这是一个初始化方法,调用change可以完成初始化的工作     [self change]; }

-(void)change {     //每次调用都需要创建?有没有什么解决办法? //    NSDictionary *dict1=@{@"name": @"biaoqingdi",@"desc":@"什么表情都弱爆了!"}; //    NSDictionary *dict2=@{@"name": @"bingli",@"desc":@"病例"}; //    NSDictionary *dict3=@{@"name": @"wangba",@"desc":@"乌龟"}; //    NSDictionary *dict4=@{@"name": @"chiniupa",@"desc":@"吃牛扒"}; //    NSDictionary *dict5=@{@"name": @"danteng",@"desc":@"蛋疼"}; //    //    NSArray *array=@[dict1,dict2,dict3,dict4,dict5];             //设置照片     //先根据self.i取出数组中的元素,再取出元素(字典)中键值对应的值 //    self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:array[self.i][@"name"]]; //    self.lastlab.text=array[self.i][@"desc"];    // NSLog(@"%@",array[self.i][@"desc"]);         self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:self.array[self.i][@"name"]];     self.lastlab.text=self.array[self.i][@"desc"];         [self.firstlab setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d/5",self.i+1]];     //    switch (self.i) { //        case 0: //            self.lastlab.text=@"什么表情都弱爆了!"; //            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"biaoqingdi"]; //            break; //        case 1: //            self.lastlab.text=@"病例"; //            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"bingli"]; //            break; //        case 2: //           self.lastlab.text=@"王八"; //            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"wangba"]; //            break; //        case 3: //           self.lastlab.text=@"吃牛扒"; //            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"chiniupa"]; //            break; //        case 4: //             self.lastlab.text=@"蛋疼!"; //            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"danteng"]; //            break; //    }     //控制按钮的点击,如果为5则右键失效,如果为1,则左键失效     self.leftbtn.enabled=(self.i!=0);     self.rightbtn.enabled=(self.i!=4);

}

//array的get方法 -(NSArray *)array {     NSLog(@"需要获取数组");     //只实例化一次     if (_array==nil) {         NSLog(@"实例化数组");         NSDictionary *dict1=@{@"name": @"biaoqingdi",@"desc":@"什么表情都弱爆了!"};         NSDictionary *dict2=@{@"name": @"bingli",@"desc":@"病例"};         NSDictionary *dict3=@{@"name": @"wangba",@"desc":@"乌龟"};         NSDictionary *dict4=@{@"name": @"chiniupa",@"desc":@"吃牛扒"};         NSDictionary *dict5=@{@"name": @"danteng",@"desc":@"蛋疼"};         _array=@[dict1,dict2,dict3,dict4,dict5];     } //    NSDictionary *dict1=@{@"name": @"biaoqingdi",@"desc":@"什么表情都弱爆了!"}; //    NSDictionary *dict2=@{@"name": @"bingli",@"desc":@"病例"}; //    NSDictionary *dict3=@{@"name": @"wangba",@"desc":@"乌龟"}; //    NSDictionary *dict4=@{@"name": @"chiniupa",@"desc":@"吃牛扒"}; //    NSDictionary *dict5=@{@"name": @"danteng",@"desc":@"蛋疼"};        // _array=@[dict1,dict2,dict3,dict4,dict5];     return _array; }

//向右按键 -(void)rightclick:(UIButton *)btn {     self.i++;     [self change]; }

//向左按键 -(void)leftclick:(UIButton *)btn {     self.i--;     [self change]; }

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {     [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; }

@end


说明:

1> 定义控件属性,注意:属性必须是strong的,示例代码如下:


@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImageView *icon;


2> 在属性的getter方法中实现懒加载,示例代码如下:

- (UIImageView *)icon

{

    if (!_icon) {

        // 计算位置参数

        CGFloat imageW = 200;

        CGFloat imageX = (320 - imageW) / 2;

        CGFloat imageH = 200;

        CGFloat imageY = 80;

        // 实例化图像视图

        _icon = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(imageX, imageY, imageW, imageH)];

        // 将图像视图添加到主视图

        [self.view addSubview:_icon];

    }

    return _icon;

}


四、使用plist文件

(1)使用Plist文件的目的:将数据与代码分离

(2)加载方法:


NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"ImageData" ofType:@"plist"];

_imageList = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];


提示:通常在方法中出现File字眼,通常需要传递文件的全路径作为参数

(3)代码示例


//

//  YYViewController.m

//  03-图片浏览器初步

//

//  Created by apple on 14-5-21.

//  Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.

//

#import "YYViewController.h"

#define POTOIMGW    200 #define POTOIMGH    300 #define POTOIMGX    60 #define  POTOIMGY    50

@interface YYViewController ()

//变量声明! @property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *firstlab; @property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *lastlab; @property(nonatomic,strong)UIImageView *icon; @property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *leftbtn; @property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *rightbtn;

@property(nonatomic,strong)NSArray *array;

-(void)change; @property(nonatomic ,assign)int i; @end



@implementation YYViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {     [super viewDidLoad];     self.i=0;     //创建一个用来显示序号的lable控件     UILabel *headlab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 10, 300, 30)];       // [headlab setText:@"1/5"];     [headlab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];     [headlab setTextColor:[UIColor blackColor]];         [self.view addSubview:headlab];     self.firstlab=headlab;                 //创建一个装载图片的控件     UIImageView *potoimg=[[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(POTOIMGX, POTOIMGY, POTOIMGW, POTOIMGH)];         UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"biaoqingdi"];     potoimg.image=image;         [self.view addSubview:potoimg];     self.icon=potoimg;         //创建最下边的描述图片的lable控件     UILabel *desclab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 400, 300, 30)];    // [desclab setText:@"表情弱爆了!"];     [desclab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];     [self.view addSubview:desclab];     self.lastlab=desclab;             //创建两个方向键按钮     //设置为自定义类型     //1.使用类创建对象     UIButton *leftbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];         //2.设置对象的属性(不要忘记设置坐标)     leftbtn.frame=CGRectMake(0, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);     [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];     [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];         //3.提交对象到视图     [self.view addSubview:leftbtn];         self.leftbtn=leftbtn;     [leftbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(leftclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];             UIButton *rightbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];         rightbtn.frame=CGRectMake(POTOIMGX+POTOIMGW+10, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);     [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];     [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];         [self.view addSubview:rightbtn];         self.rightbtn=rightbtn;     [rightbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(rightclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];     [self change]; }

-(void)change {     self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:self.array[self.i][@"name"]];     self.lastlab.text=self.array[self.i][@"desc"];         [self.firstlab setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d/5",self.i+1]];         self.leftbtn.enabled=(self.i!=0);     self.rightbtn.enabled=(self.i!=4);

}

//array的get方法 -(NSArray *)array {     NSLog(@"需要获取数组");     //只实例化一次     if (_array==nil) {              NSString *path=[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"data" ofType:@"plist"];         //数组的数据从文件获取        // _array=[NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];         _array=[[NSArray alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:path];         //打印查看包的位置         NSLog(@"%@",path);                NSLog(@"实例化数组");     }

    return _array; }

//向右按键 -(void)rightclick:(UIButton *)btn {     self.i++;     [self change]; }

//向左按键 -(void)leftclick:(UIButton *)btn {     self.i--;     [self change]; }

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {     [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; }

@end


(4)plist文件

(5)实现效果

五、补充

开发思路:

1.完成基本功能

2.考虑性能

(1)(初始化操作,可以直接调用change进行)

(2)因为要控制序号和图片两个变量,所以考虑使用字典代替掉switch

(3)每次点击,字典都需要创建一次,效率地下,可以考虑创建的这部分拿到初始化方法中去,这样就只需要创建一次就ok了。

(4)考虑缺点(对代码的顺序要求极其严格)

(5)懒加载(需要的时候才加载,那么什么时候是需要的时候,及调用get方法的时候)

(6)每次都来一下?效率低下—》只有第一次调用get方法时为空,此时实例化并建立数组,其他时候直接返回成员变量(仅仅执行一次)

注意点:

1.方法的调用堆栈(顺序)。

2.使用plist:让数据的操作更加灵活,把数据弄到外面去,解除耦合性,让耦合性不要太强。实际上是一个xml,是苹果定义的一种特殊格式的xml。

3.bundle-包(只读)

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