List映射表
List列表是一个java集合存储在序列中的元素,并允许重复的元素。此接口的用户可以精确地控制,其中列表中的每个元素插入。用户可以通过他们的整数索引访问元素,并搜索列表中的元素。更正式地说,列表通常允许对元素e1和e2,使得e1.equals(e2),它们通常允许多个null元素,如果他们允许的null元素。
List列表被映射在该映射表中的<list>元素,并将java.util.ArrayList中初始化。
定义RDBMS表:
考虑一个情况,需要员工记录存储在EMPLOYEE表,将有以下结构:
create table EMPLOYEE ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, salary INT default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
此外,假设每个员工都可以有一个或多个与他/她相关的证书。List集合映射需要在一个集合表的索引列。索引列定义集合中的元素的位置。因此,我们将存储证书的相关信息在一个单独的表,该表具有以下结构:
create table CERTIFICATE ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, certificate_name VARCHAR(30) default NULL, idx INT default NULL, employee_id INT default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
将有一个对多( one-to-many)的EMPLOYEE和证书对象之间的关系。
定义POJO类:
让我们实现一个POJO类员工将被用于保存与EMPLOYEE表中的对象和有证书的列表变量的集合。
import java.util.*; public class Employee { private int id; private String firstName; private String lastName; private int salary; private List certificates; public Employee() {} public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) { this.firstName = fname; this.lastName = lname; this.salary = salary; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId( int id ) { this.id = id; } public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName( String first_name ) { this.firstName = first_name; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName( String last_name ) { this.lastName = last_name; } public int getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary( int salary ) { this.salary = salary; } public List getCertificates() { return certificates; } public void setCertificates( List certificates ) { this.certificates = certificates; } }
我们需要相应的证书表定义另一个POJO类,这样的证书对象可以存储和检索到的证书表。
public class Certificate{ private int id; private String name; public Certificate() {} public Certificate(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId( int id ) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName( String name ) { this.name = name; } }
定义Hibernate映射文件:
让我们开发指定Hibernate如何定义的类映射到数据库表的映射文件。<list>元素将被用来定义使用List集合的规则。表的索引是整数类型总是和使用<list-index>元素定义映射。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the employee detail. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <list name="certificates" cascade="all"> <key column="employee_id"/> <list-index column="idx"/> <one-to-many class="Certificate"/> </list> <property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/> <property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/> <property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/> </class> <class name="Certificate" table="CERTIFICATE"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the certificate records. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name" column="certificate_name" type="string"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
应该保存的映射文件中的格式<classname>.hbm.xml。我们保存我们的映射文件中的文件Employee.hbm.xml。你已经熟悉了大部分的映射细节,映射文件中的所有元素:
映射文档是具有<hibernate-mapping>为对应于每一个类包含2个<class>元素的根元素的XML文档。
<class>元素被用于定义数据库表从一个Java类特定的映射。 Java类名指定使用class元素的name属性和使用表属性数据库表名指定。
<meta>元素是可选元素,可以用来创建类的描述。
<id>元素映射在类中的唯一ID属性到数据库表的主键。 id元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。
id元素内的<generator>元素被用来自动生成的主键值。将生成元素的class属性设置为原生让Hibernate拿起无论是identity,sequence或者hilo中的算法来创建主键根据底层数据库的支持能力。
<property>元素用于一个Java类的属性映射到数据库表中的列。元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。
<list>元素用于设置证书和Employee类之间的关系。我们使用cascade属性中<list>元素来告诉Hibernate来保存证书的对象,同时为Employee对象。 name属性被设置为在父类中定义的Listvariable,在我们的情况下,它是证书。
<key>元素是包含外键的父对象,即在证书表中的列。即,表EMPLOYEE。
<list-index>元素定义用于保持元件的位置,并与在该集合表的索引列映射。持久性列表的索引从零开始。你可以改变这一点,例如,在你的映射<list-index base="1".../>。
<one-to-many>元素表示一个Employee对象涉及到很多证书的对象,并因此,证书对象必须有与之劳动者家长有关。您可以根据您的需要使用任何和<one-to-one>,<many-to-one>进行或<many-to-many>这个元素。如果我们改变了这个例子使用一个many-to-many的关系,我们需要一个关联表到父和子对象之间的映射。
创建应用程序类:
最后,我们将创建应用程序类的main()方法来运行应用程序。我们将使用这个应用程序,以节省一些员工的记录连同的证书,然后我们将申请CRUD操作上的记录。
import java.util.*; import org.hibernate.HibernateException; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; public class ManageEmployee { private static SessionFactory factory; public static void main(String[] args) { try{ factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); }catch (Throwable ex) { System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex); throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex); } ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee(); /* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee */ ArrayList set1 = new ArrayList(); set1.add(new Certificate("MCA")); set1.add(new Certificate("MBA")); set1.add(new Certificate("PMP")); /* Add employee records in the database */ Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, set1); /* Another set of certificates for the second employee */ ArrayList set2 = new ArrayList(); set2.add(new Certificate("BCA")); set2.add(new Certificate("BA")); /* Add another employee record in the database */ Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, set2); /* List down all the employees */ ME.listEmployees(); /* Update employee's salary records */ ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000); /* Delete an employee from the database */ ME.deleteEmployee(empID2); /* List down all the employees */ ME.listEmployees(); } /* Method to add an employee record in the database */ public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary, ArrayList cert){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; Integer employeeID = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary); employee.setCertificates(cert); employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } return employeeID; } /* Method to list all the employees detail */ public void listEmployees( ){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list(); for (Iterator iterator1 = employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){ Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next(); System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName()); System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName()); System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary()); List certificates = employee.getCertificates(); for (Iterator iterator2 = certificates.iterator(); iterator2.hasNext();){ Certificate certName = (Certificate) iterator2.next(); System.out.println("Certificate: " + certName.getName()); } } tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } /* Method to update salary for an employee */ public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); employee.setSalary( salary ); session.update(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } /* Method to delete an employee from the records */ public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); session.delete(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } }
编译和执行:
下面是步骤来编译并运行上述应用程序。请确保您已在进行的编译和执行之前,适当地设置PATH和CLASSPATH。
会在屏幕上获得以下结果,并同时记录会在员工和证书表被创建。可以看到证书已排序顺序相反。可以通过改变映射文件试试,只需设置sort="natural"和执行程序,并比较结果。
$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........ First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000 Certificate: MCA Certificate: MBA Certificate: PMP First Name: Dilip Last Name: Kumar Salary: 3000 Certificate: BCA Certificate: BA First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000 Certificate: MCA Certificate: MBA Certificate: PMP
如果检查员工和证书表,就应该记录下了:
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+ | id | first_name | last_name | salary | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ | 51 | Manoj | Kumar | 5000 | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from CERTIFICATE;
+----+------------------+------+-------------+ | id | certificate_name | idx | employee_id | +----+------------------+------+-------------+ | 6 | MCA | 0 | 51 | | 7 | MBA | 1 | 51 | | 8 | PMP | 2 | 51 | +----+------------------+------+-------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
或者,您也可以映射Java数组,而不是一个列表。一个数组的映射几乎是相同的前面的例子,除了与不同的元素和属性名称(<array>和<array-index>)。然而,原因如前所述,Hibernate应用程序很少使用数组。
Bag映射
Bag是一个java集合存储元素无需关心顺序,但允许列表中的重复元素。Bag是在列表中的对象的随机分组。
Collection集合被映射在该映射表中的<bag>元件和与java.util.ArrayList中初始化。
下面的示例中RDBMS表和POJO类依然使用上面定义好的。
定义Hibernate映射文件:
让我们开发指示Hibernate如何定义的类映射到数据库表的映射文件。<bag>元素将被用来定义所使用的集合规则。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the employee detail. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <bag name="certificates" cascade="all"> <key column="employee_id"/> <one-to-many class="Certificate"/> </bag> <property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/> <property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/> <property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/> </class> <class name="Certificate" table="CERTIFICATE"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the certificate records. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name" column="certificate_name" type="string"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
应该保存的映射文件中的格式<classname>.hbm.xml。我们保存映射文件Employee.hbm.xml。前面已经熟悉了大部分的映射细节,但让我们看到了映射文件中的所有元素再次:
映射文档是具有<hibernate-mapping>为对应于每一个类包含2个<class>元素的根元素的XML文档。
<class>元素被用于定义数据库表从一个Java类特定的映射。 Java类名指定使用class元素的name属性和使用表属性数据库表名指定。
<meta>元素是可选元素,可以用来创建类的描述。
<id>元素映射在类中的唯一ID属性到数据库表的主键。 id元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。
id元素内的<generator>元素被用来自动生成的主键值。将生成元素的class属性设置为原生让Hibernate拿起无论是identity,sequence或者hilo中的算法来创建主键根据底层数据库的支持能力。
<property>元素用于一个Java类的属性映射到数据库表中的列。元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。
<bag>元素用于设置证书和Employee类之间的关系。我们使用cascade属性的<bag>高的元素要告诉Hibernate来保存证书的对象,同时为Employee对象。 name属性被设置为在父类中的definedCollection变量,在我们的情况下,它是证书。
<key>元素是包含外键的父对象,即在证书表中的列。表EMPLOYEE。
<one-to-many>元素表示一个Employee对象涉及到很多证书的对象,并因此,证书对象必须有与Employee父类有关联。可以根据需要使用<one-to-one>,<many-to-one>或<many-to-many>这个元素。
创建应用程序类:
最后,我们将创建应用程序类的main()方法来运行应用程序。我们将使用这个应用程序,以节省一些员工的记录连同的证书,然后我们将申请CRUD操作上的记录。
import java.util.*; import org.hibernate.HibernateException; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; public class ManageEmployee { private static SessionFactory factory; public static void main(String[] args) { try{ factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); }catch (Throwable ex) { System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex); throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex); } ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee(); /* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee */ ArrayList set1 = new ArrayList(); set1.add(new Certificate("MCA")); set1.add(new Certificate("MBA")); set1.add(new Certificate("PMP")); /* Add employee records in the database */ Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, set1); /* Another set of certificates for the second employee */ ArrayList set2 = new ArrayList(); set2.add(new Certificate("BCA")); set2.add(new Certificate("BA")); /* Add another employee record in the database */ Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, set2); /* List down all the employees */ ME.listEmployees(); /* Update employee's salary records */ ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000); /* Delete an employee from the database */ ME.deleteEmployee(empID2); /* List down all the employees */ ME.listEmployees(); } /* Method to add an employee record in the database */ public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary, ArrayList cert){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; Integer employeeID = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary); employee.setCertificates(cert); employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } return employeeID; } /* Method to list all the employees detail */ public void listEmployees( ){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list(); for (Iterator iterator1 = employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){ Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next(); System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName()); System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName()); System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary()); Collection certificates = employee.getCertificates(); for (Iterator iterator2 = certificates.iterator(); iterator2.hasNext();){ Certificate certName = (Certificate) iterator2.next(); System.out.println("Certificate: " + certName.getName()); } } tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } /* Method to update salary for an employee */ public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); employee.setSalary( salary ); session.update(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } /* Method to delete an employee from the records */ public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); session.delete(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } }
编译和执行:
会在屏幕上获得以下结果,并同时记录会在员工和证书表被创建。可以看到证书已排序顺序相反。可以通过改变映射文件试试,只需设置sort="natural"和执行程序,并比较结果。
$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........ First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000 Certificate: MCA Certificate: MBA Certificate: PMP First Name: Dilip Last Name: Kumar Salary: 3000 Certificate: BCA Certificate: BA First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000 Certificate: MCA Certificate: MBA Certificate: PMP
如果检查员工和证书表,就应该记录下了:
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+ | id | first_name | last_name | salary | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ | 53 | Manoj | Kumar | 5000 | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from CERTIFICATE;
+----+------------------+-------------+ | id | certificate_name | employee_id | +----+------------------+-------------+ | 11 | MCA | 53 | | 12 | MBA | 53 | | 13 | PMP | 53 | +----+------------------+-------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)