Android使用Handler实现下载文件功能

本文实例为大家分享了Android实现下载文件的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

1.实现效果

直接上图：

2.代码实现

在AndroidManifest.xml文件中声明申请的权限，如下所示：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

新建一个名为DownloadDemo的项目，activity_main.xml代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:gravity="center_horizontal"
 android:orientation="vertical"
 tools:context=".MainActivity">

 <Button
  android:id="@+id/button"
  android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
  android:text="下载" />

 <ProgressBar
  android:id="@+id/progressBar"
  style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  android:layout_margin="10dp"
  android:max="100"
  android:progress="0" />
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.class代码如下：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

 public static final String APP_URL = "http://download.sj.qq.com/upload/connAssitantDownload/upload/MobileAssistant_1.apk";
 public static final int DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_CODE = 100001;
 private static final int DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_FAIL_CODE = 100002;
 public static final int REQUEST_CODE = 1;
 private Button button;
 private ProgressBar progressBar;
 private MyHandler mHandler;

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  initView();
  askPermission();
  mHandler = new MyHandler(this);
 }

 public static class MyHandler extends Handler {
  final WeakReference<MainActivity> mWeakReference;

  public MyHandler(MainActivity activity) {
   this.mWeakReference = new WeakReference<>(activity);
  }

  @Override
  public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
   MainActivity activity = mWeakReference.get();
   super.handleMessage(msg);
   switch (msg.what) {
    case DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_CODE:
     activity.progressBar.setProgress((Integer) msg.obj);
     if (((Integer) msg.obj) == 100) {
      Toast.makeText(activity, "文件下载已完成！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     }
     break;
    case DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_FAIL_CODE:
     Toast.makeText(activity, "文件下载失败！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     break;
   }
  }
 }

 /**
  * 申请权限
  */
 private void askPermission() {
  //将所需申请的权限添加到List集合中
  List<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
  if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
    Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
   permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
  }
  //判断权限列表是否为空，若不为空，则向用户申请权限，否则则直接执行操作
  if (!permissionList.isEmpty()) {
   String[] permissions = permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]);
   ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, permissions, REQUEST_CODE);
  } else {
   //TODO
   button.setOnClickListener(this);
  }
 }

 /**
  * 用户对请求权限的dialog做出响应之后,会处理请求权限的响应
  *
  * @param requestCode 请求码
  * @param permissions 权限的集合
  * @param grantResults 权限授予的结果
  */
 @Override
 public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
  super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
  switch (requestCode) {
   case REQUEST_CODE:
    if (grantResults.length > 0) {
     for (int result : grantResults) {
      if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
       Toast.makeText(this, "必须同意所有权限才能使用本程序", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
       finish();
       return;
      }
     }
     //TODO
     button.setOnClickListener(this);
    } else {
     Toast.makeText(this, "权限申请失败！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     finish();
    }
    break;
   default:
    break;
  }
 }

 /**
  * 点击事件
  *
  * @param v
  */
 @Override
 public void onClick(View v) {
  switch (v.getId()) {
   case R.id.button:
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
     @Override
     public void run() {
      download(APP_URL);
     }
    }).start();
    break;
  }
 }

 /**
  * 下载
  *
  * @param appUrl
  */
 private void download(String appUrl) {
  try {
   //实例化一个url对象
   URL url = new URL(appUrl);
   //获取URLConnection对象
   URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();
   //获取输入流
   InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
   //获取文件的总长度
   int contentLength = urlConnection.getContentLength();
   //设置软件下载到手机存储的位置文件夹名称
   String downloadFolderName = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
     + File.separator + "MyApp" + File.separator;
   File file = new File(downloadFolderName);
   //若文件夹不存在则进行创建
   if (!file.exists()) {
    file.mkdir();
   }
   String fileName = downloadFolderName + "chaixingsi.apk";
   File apkFile = new File(fileName);
   if (apkFile.exists()) {
    apkFile.delete();
   }
   int downloadContentLength = 0;
   int length = 0;
   byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
   OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
   while ((length = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
    outputStream.write(bytes, 0, length);
    downloadContentLength += length;
    /**
     * 发送消息通知主线程去更新UI
     */
    Message message = Message.obtain();
    message.obj = downloadContentLength * 100 / contentLength;
    message.what = DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_CODE;
    mHandler.sendMessage(message);
   }
   inputStream.close();
   outputStream.close();
  } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
   //下载失败的话也发送消息
   notifyDownloadFailed();
   e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (IOException e) {
   notifyDownloadFailed();
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }

 /**
  * 通知下载失败
  */
 private void notifyDownloadFailed() {
  Message message = Message.obtain();
  message.what = DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_FAIL_CODE;
  mHandler.sendMessage(message);
 }

 /**
  * 初始化视图
  */
 private void initView() {
  button = findViewById(R.id.button);
  progressBar = findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
 }
}

3.快捷键总结

提取方法：Ctrl+Alt+M；
提取变量：Ctrl+Alt+V；
提取常量：Ctrl+Alt+C；

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