前言
经常要用到图表统计数据,在WEB开发中图表绘制是一件简单的事情,因为有比较多的开源方案。但在Android中开源方案并不多。但目前github上有多个关于图表的框架,比如MPAndroidChart很好,但是很大,没必要因为一个小的图标让工程项目扩大很多,另外有些轻量级的框架,但是个人感觉都很难满足自己的需求,再者就算很好的框架,那也是别人的,只有自己动手写起来,了解前前后后的坑,自己才能成长,而且在写的过程,我们能发现更多的细节,比如绘制的时候内存分配的问题,Canvas直接绘制和通过Bitmap绘制等等,所以这篇文章的目的:
1.是给大家提供自定义view绘制的思路
2.滑动自定义view的部分区域怎么实现
3.path动画绘制的实现
4.熟悉canvas的api,总之能直接动手了,那就自定义view就通关了,所以就写这篇文章主要是鼓励大家多去实现。
效果图
线性图表实现的思路:
线性表是最基本、最简单、也是最常用的一种数据结构。线性表中数据元素之间的关系是一对一的关系,即除了第一个和最后一个数据元素之外,其它数据元素都是首尾相接的,注意,这句话只适用大部分线性表,而不是全部。
由于屏幕的宽度有限,所以我们一屏经过计算,最好显示的7个点,所以我们首先需要对我们的view宽度进行计算,首先拿到屏幕的宽度,然后再进行/7,得到每个间隔的宽度,然后乘以我们x的坐标点的个数,其中的onMeasure的方法:
int widthParentMeasureMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec); int widthParentMeasureSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec); int heightParentMeasureMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec); int heightParentMeasureSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec); int resultWidthSize = 0; int resultHeightSize = 0; int resultWidthMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;//用来对childView进行计算的 int resultHeightMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; int paddingWidth = getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight(); int paddingHeight = getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom(); ViewGroup.LayoutParams thisLp = getLayoutParams(); switch (widthParentMeasureMode) { //父类不加限制给子类 case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: //这个代表在布局写死了宽度 if (thisLp.width > 0) { resultWidthSize = thisLp.width; resultWidthMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else { resultWidthSize = (int) (getYMaxTextWidth() + mXinterval * mXdots.length); resultWidthMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; } break; case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: //这个代表在布局写死了宽度 if (thisLp.width > 0) { resultWidthSize = thisLp.width; resultWidthMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (thisLp.width == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { resultWidthSize = Math.max(0, widthParentMeasureSize - paddingWidth); resultWidthMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } else if (thisLp.width == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { resultWidthSize = (int) (getYMaxTextWidth() + mXinterval * mXdots.length); resultWidthMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } break; case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: //这个代表在布局写死了宽度 if (thisLp.width > 0) { resultWidthSize = Math.min(widthParentMeasureSize, thisLp.width); resultWidthMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (thisLp.width == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { resultWidthSize = widthParentMeasureSize; resultWidthMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (thisLp.width == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { resultWidthSize = (int) (getYMaxTextWidth() + mXinterval * mXdots.length); resultWidthMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } break; }
switch (heightParentMeasureMode) { //父view不加限制 case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: //这个代表在布局写死了宽度 if (thisLp.height > 0) { resultHeightSize = thisLp.height; resultHeightMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else { resultHeightSize = (int) (getYMaxTextHeight() + mYvisibleNum * mYinterval + getXMaxTextHeight()); resultHeightMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; } break; case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: if (thisLp.height > 0) { resultHeightSize = heightParentMeasureSize; resultHeightMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (thisLp.height == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { resultHeightSize = Math.max(0, heightParentMeasureSize - paddingHeight); resultHeightMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } else if (thisLp.height == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { resultHeightSize = (int) (getYMaxTextHeight() + mYvisibleNum * mYinterval + getXMaxTextHeight()); resultHeightMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; } break; case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: //这个代表在布局写死了宽度 if (thisLp.height > 0) { resultHeightSize = Math.min(heightParentMeasureSize, getMeasuredWidth()); resultHeightMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (thisLp.width == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { resultHeightSize = heightParentMeasureSize; resultHeightMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (thisLp.width == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { resultHeightSize = (int) (getYMaxTextHeight() + mYvisibleNum * mYinterval + getXMaxTextHeight()); resultHeightMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } break; } setMeasuredDimension(MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultWidthSize, resultWidthMode), MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultHeightSize, resultHeightMode));
设置好了尺寸,我们就可以绘制界面,这里我们onDraw的时候,就依次绘制横线和竖线,在绘制横线的时候,将Y坐标的数字一起绘制上去,同理绘制竖线的时候,把x坐标的数字绘制上去,折线的画根据数字计算出坐标点,然后创建一个path,首先moveTo(firstX,firstY) ,然后lineTo下面的点就可以了,最后绘制上path,然而这样的话,我们在滑动的时候,会发现这个view都会跟着一起滚动了,那么我们怎样才能实现view的部分pinned呢?在这个时候,我们就需要先创建一个bitmap,将需要滑动的部分绘制到这个bitmap上去,然后bitmap在绘制到这个canvas上的时候,保持固定的位置就行了,好了再说就懵逼了,还是上代码吧:
float tempTableLeftPadding = getYMaxTextWidth(); if (mBitmap == null || mYNumCanvas == null) { mBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap((int) (getMeasuredWidth() - getYMaxTextWidth()), getMeasuredHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); mYNumCanvas = new Canvas(mBitmap); } mYNumCanvas.drawColor(Color.TRANSPARENT, PorterDuff.Mode.CLEAR); mYNumCanvas.translate(mScrollPosX,0);//这段代码就是来实现滑动的操作 //绘制横线 for (int y = 0, size = mYdots.length; y < size; y++) { String tempText = String.valueOf(mYdots[mYdots.length - 1 - y]); mYNumCanvas.drawLine(0, (float) (mYinterval * y), (float) (mXdots.length * mXinterval), (float) (mYinterval * y), mXlinePaint); canvas.drawText(tempText, getYMaxTextWidth() - mYNumPaint.measureText(tempText), getYMaxTextHeight() + (float) (mYinterval * y), mYNumPaint); } //绘制竖线 for (int x = 0, size = mXdots.length; x <= size; x++) { mYNumCanvas.drawLine((float) (mXinterval * x), 0, (float) (mXinterval * x), (float) (mYinterval * mYvisibleNum), mXlinePaint); if (x >= 1) { String tempText = mXdots[x - 1]; mYNumCanvas.drawText(tempText, (float) (mXinterval * x) - mYNumPaint.measureText(tempText) / 2, (float) (mYvisibleNum * mYinterval + getYMaxTextHeight()), mYNumPaint); } } if (isAnimationOpen)//是否需要开启动画绘制,这个后面会解释实现方式 mYNumCanvas.drawPath(mLineDrawPath, mLinePaint); else mYNumCanvas.drawPath(mLinePath, mLinePaint); canvas.drawBitmap(mBitmap, tempTableLeftPadding, getYMaxTextHeight() / 2, null);
上面的mScrollPosX是根据手势监听类GestureDetector来获取的:
@Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { if (!isAnimationOpen || isDrawOver) return mGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event); return super.onTouchEvent(event); }
然而绘制了,我们感觉还缺少了什么,嗯,没错就是动画效果,这里我们用到通过的path绘制实现动画的方案,就是先通过PathMeasure得到path的长度,然后根据动画时间,通过ValueAnimator计算它在某个时刻的坐标,然后重新进行绘制path路径:
private void startPathAnim(long duration) { ValueAnimator valueAnimator = ValueAnimator.ofFloat(0, mLineLength); valueAnimator.setDuration(duration); valueAnimator.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() { @Override public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) { float value = (Float) animation.getAnimatedValue(); // 获取当前点坐标封装到mCurrentPosition mPathMeasure.getPosTan(value, mCurrentPosition, null); mLineDrawPath.lineTo(mCurrentPosition[0], mCurrentPosition[1]); invalidate(); } }); valueAnimator.start(); }
百分比圆形图表实现
其实这个的实现,相比上一个少了很多,大多是集中在onDraw方法里面,关键点是在百分比的数字,怎么横向显示在扇形区域,这里我就主要这个计算规则提出来:
private void drawText(Canvas canvas, float sweepAngle, float startAngle, ArcVo temp) { float middleAngle; middleAngle = startAngle + sweepAngle / 2; float startX; float startY; float endX; float endY; String drawText = temp.getPercentInCircle() * 100 + "%"; if (middleAngle <= 90) { //在第四象限 double angle = middleAngle; angle = Math.toRadians(angle); startY = endY = (float) (Math.sin(angle) * mRaduis + mRaduis); endX = (float) (mRaduis + Math.cos(angle) * mRaduis); startX = endX - UiUtils.getTextWidth(drawText, mTextPaint); } else if (middleAngle <= 180) { //在第三象限 double angle = 180 - middleAngle; angle = Math.toRadians(angle); startY = endY = (float) (Math.sin(angle) * mRaduis + mRaduis); startX = (float) (mRaduis - Math.cos(angle) * mRaduis); endX = startX + UiUtils.getTextWidth(drawText, mTextPaint); } else if (middleAngle <= 270) { //在第二象限 double angle = 270 - middleAngle; angle = Math.toRadians(angle); startY = endY = (float) (mRaduis - Math.cos(angle) * mRaduis); startX = (float) (mRaduis - Math.sin(angle) * mRaduis); endX = startX + UiUtils.getTextWidth(drawText, mTextPaint); } else { //在第一象限 double angle = 360 - middleAngle; angle = Math.toRadians(angle); startY = endY = (float) (mRaduis - Math.sin(angle) * mRaduis); endX = (float) (mRaduis + Math.cos(angle) * mRaduis); startX = endX - UiUtils.getTextWidth(drawText, mTextPaint); } mTextPath.reset(); mTextPath.moveTo(startX, startY); mTextPath.lineTo(endX, endY); if (middleAngle > 180) { canvas.drawTextOnPath(drawText, mTextPath, 0, UiUtils.getTextHeight(drawText, mTextPaint), mTextPaint); } else { canvas.drawTextOnPath(drawText, mTextPath, 0, -UiUtils.getTextHeight(drawText, mTextPaint), mTextPaint); } } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { if (!canDraw()) return; float sweepAngle; float startAngle = 0; for (int i = 0, size = mDisArcList.size(); i < size; i++) { ArcVo temp = mDisArcList.get(i); mArcPaint.setColor(temp.getScanColor()); sweepAngle = temp.getPercentInCircle() * 360; canvas.drawArc(mDrawCircleRect, startAngle, sweepAngle, true, mArcPaint); drawText(canvas, sweepAngle, startAngle, temp); startAngle = startAngle + sweepAngle; } }
使用方式:
如果你觉得你们的项目正好要用到类似的图标,在项目的gradle文件中,增加compile 'wellijohn.org.simplelinechart:linechart:0.0.2'具体的方法,欢迎移步到github上去看,已经封装成库上传至jcenter,上面有具体的使用方法(图表地址),目前暴露的方法不多,可以留言增加
github地址:https://github.com/WelliJohn/LineChart
本地下载:http://xiazai.jb51.net/201712/yuanma/LineChart(jb51.net).rar
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对菜鸟教程(cainiaojc.com)的支持。
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