vagrant+virtualBox构建虚拟机的方法

一、介绍

Vagrant是一个构建和管理虚拟机(VirtualBox)的工具。

我的环境：Mac + Vagrant + VirtualBox

网盘下载地址：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LKacXPQcgh3MjgWiIZ0zhQ 密码: n998

二、安装

VirtualBox: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
Vagrant: http://downloads.vagrantup.co

三、在线创建虚拟机

1.在官网找到自己想要安装的操作系统：https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search

2.点进去，执行命令创建并启动虚拟机：https://app.vagrantup.com/centos/boxes/7

注意：需要单独创建一个目录，在该目录下执行vagrant命令，一个目录对应一个虚拟机。vagrant init会创建一个配置文件Vagrantfile

三、离线创建虚拟机

1.添加

vagrant box add centOs7 /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box

➜ vagrant vagrant box add centOs7 /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box
==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'centOs7' (v0) for provider:
  box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant/centos-7.0-x86_64.box
==> box: Successfully added box 'centOs7' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!

2.初始化

vagrant init centOs7

➜ vagrant vagrant init centOs7
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

3.启动

vagrant up

➜ vagrant vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centOs7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: vagrant_default_1612583375721_1893
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
  default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
  default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
  default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
  default: SSH username: vagrant
  default: SSH auth method: private key
  default:
  default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
  default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
  default:
  default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
  default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
  default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
  default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
  default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
  default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
  default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
  default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
  default: your host and reload your VM.
  default:
  default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.28
  default: VirtualBox Version: 6.1
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
  default: /vagrant => /Users/xianbin.yang/Documents/vagrant

四、常用命令

命令	作用
vagrant box add	添加box的操作
vagrant init	初始化box的操作，会生成vagrant的配置文件Vagrantfile
vagrant up	启动本地环境
vagrant ssh	通过 ssh 登录本地环境所在虚拟机
vagrant halt	关闭本地环境
vagrant suspend	暂停本地环境
vagrant resume	恢复本地环境
vagrant reload	修改了 Vagrantfile 后，使之生效（相当于先 halt，再 up）
vagrant destroy	彻底移除本地环境
vagrant box list	显示当前已经添加的box列表
vagrant box remove	删除相应的box
vagrant status	获取当前虚拟机的状态

五、Vagrantfile常用配置

1.配置固定ip、内存、cpu

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
 
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
 config.vm.box = "centOs7"
 config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
 config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
   vb.cpus = 4
   vb.memory = "8192"
 end
end

注意：配置后需要vagrant reload

2.配置root用户和ssh免密

vagrant用户登录：vagrant ssh

设置root密码：sudo passwd root

配置ssh免密：ssh-copy-id root@192.168.33.10

ssh登录：ssh root@192.168.33.10

3.关闭防火墙

检查防火墙状态：systemctl status firewalld
关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld
设置开机禁用防火墙：systemctl disable firewalld.service

参考链接：

https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/vagrant/getting-started-index?in=vagrant/getting-started

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